Weather Stations Definitive Guide – 2022

Chapter 4

Agricultural weather station

Weather stations are widely used in climate smart agriculture and have formed a discipline of modern agricultural meteorology.

Their main research fields include crop weather, livestock husbandry, forestry, pest and disease, agricultural climate, cropland microclimate and microclimate improvement, Agricultural weather forecast, agricultural meteorological observation and instruments.

Visible meteorological role in the field of agriculture is very large. Specific can be applied in the following typical scenarios.

1 Crop

Mainly through the field of air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, CO2 and so on to monitor the growth of crops, can also be combined with automatic irrigation part of the formation of a complete agricultural meteorological monitoring system can also be calculated according to different factors of different crops pest warning model.

2 Greenhouses

Cloth placed in the interior of agricultural greenhouse, the main monitoring of atmospheric temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, CO2, photosynthetically active radiation.

3 Orchard

Mainly in all agricultural bases, especially apple orchards, vineyards, tea gardens and other bases for meteorological monitoring, monitoring the process of fruit growth, and to prevent frost and pests and diseases are of great significance.

4 Grain Depot

The grain storage depots deployed in various provinces and municipalities monitor the data of atmospheric temperature and humidity and can give early warnings in real time to prevent disasters such as dampness, mildew, pests and diseases from occurring in the grain.

5 Agricultural Insurance

Agricultural insurance refers to an insurance policy designed specifically to protect agricultural producers from the economic losses caused by natural disasters and accidents during their farming and aquaculture production.

Weather stations monitor the various meteorological parameters in order to provide data in a disaster situation and to identify preventative measures to eradicate future occurrences.

Forest / Forestry Weather Station

The forest is nature’s natural oxygen bar, it is especially important for the attention and protection of the big forest.

In forest monitoring, weather stations are mainly used in the following scenarios:

1. Forest growing

The growth and development of tree species and the distribution of tree species are affected and restricted by the weather conditions.

Rational use of climate resources is of great importance to the development of forests and the protection of the natural ecological environment.

The monitoring of forest meteorological elements are: wind speed wind speed (wind energy to increase the transpiration of trees), temperature and humidity (forest vegetation composition and distribution of important factors), light (and species shade degree related).

2. Forest fire prevention

Forest fires are inseparable from forest combustibles, meteorological conditions and sources of ignition.

In meteorological factors, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind and other factors have a significant impact on the occurrence of forest fires, and is an important meteorological factor for calculating the forest fire risk meteorological grade.

Electricity Supply Weather Station

The security of the electricity supply of the national electricity is very important and relates to the people’s normal production and life.

Meteorological monitoring in the power industry is mainly used in the following scenarios:

1. Transmission line weather station

As long-term overhead transmission lines in the wild, often subject to external environmental factors, strong winds, heavy rain, snow disasters can not be avoided.

These external factors will make the line short circuit, trip, inverted tower, power grid, residential electricity will be greatly affected.

Transmission Line The micro-meteorological monitoring station is a multi-element micro-meteorological monitoring device designed to monitor the local meteorological environment in the transmission corridor. It mainly monitors the meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, rainfall and solar radiation.

2. Substation weather station

Substation weather monitor can dynamically display the real-time meteorological information around the substation to help dispatchers conduct comprehensive meteorological analysis, can also be used for automatic inspection of electric robots.

3. Photovoltaic weather station

In the design of photovoltaic power plants, the meteorological data have great influence on the power generation of the photovoltaic system.

Temperature effects

1) PV string design
In the PV module series and parallel scheme design, we must consider the extreme temperature.
2) Calculating the temperature reduces the efficiency of generating capacity of the system
3) Environmental adaptability of electrical equipment

The impact of wind speed

In design, according to the local wind speed, wind direction calculated wind pressure, will directly affect the design of the stent base.

The impact of precipitation

The measurement of the maximum snow depth will affect the design height of the lower edge of the component, otherwise the component may be buried in the snow; on the other hand, it can be used to calculate the snow pressure value.

Solar radiation effects

The solar radiation value is an important evaluation index of the PV power plant. From the pre-site selection stage to the feasibility study and then to the final site monitoring, the radiation monitoring data of each step affects the power generation of the PV power station and serves as an important optical power assessment item.

4 Wind energy monitoring weather station

Mainly through the wind direction and wind speed gradient data to monitor and evaluate wind energy by building different height of the wind tower to measure wind power site selection and wind power generation power is of great significance.

Traffic weather station

The importance of traffic safety on people’s travel has become more and more important, and the traffic weather station among them plays an increasingly important role.

Meteorological monitoring in the transportation industry is mainly used in the following scenarios:

1. Road weather station

Mainly installed on both sides of the road to monitor the conventional weather elements, as well as traffic-specific visibility information and road conditions information, through the traffic information board for real-time display.

2. Metro weather station

Mainly used in the line along the high-speed rail and subway lines, the main monitoring wind, temperature and humidity, solar radiation, rainfall and other information as a meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation system for rail transit safety travel to provide theoretical support and travel security.

3. Maritime  weather station

Mainly used in the vicinity of the port and the shipping vessels to monitor weather information to ensure the safety of waterway operation, if installed on the ship, the need for additional electronic compass and GPS northing and positioning, measurement based on weather 6 parameters and visibility information.

4 Airport AWOS

Mainly used in the runway around the civil airport, monitoring weather information to ensure the flight departure and landing safety, in addition to conventional weather information, the need for additional monitoring cloud level and runway level visibility information.

5 Buoy Weather Station

The data observed at the coastal and island observatories reflect only the situation in the offshore and in the coastal waters and do no good to ocean navigation. Ocean Buoy is an unmanned automatic marine observatory that continuously collects marine hydrological and meteorological data needed for marine scientific research, offshore oil and gas development and port construction. In particular, it can collect adverse weather conditions that are difficult to collect by survey vessels and Information on the sea condition.

Air Quality Monitoring Stations

1.Environmental monitoring station

It mainly adopts integrated meteorological sensors. It is used in standard and large-scale air quality monitoring systems all over the world to monitor meteorological information. It mainly monitors five weather parameters including wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and air pressure.

2. Construction site dust monitoring

Dust on the construction site has seriously affected the urban air quality index. In order to reduce the dust pollution on the site, the dust monitoring system has been deployed on various construction sites.

The main monitoring system: wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity, pressure, PM2.5, Pm10, noise.

3. Urban micro-environment grid monitoring

Because of the high cost and complex installation of conventional large air quality monitoring stations, it is not suitable for a wide range of gridding locations, so the urban micro-environment monitoring station has become a mainstream application trend.

Meteorological monitoring stations used in micro-air quality monitoring stations, mainly to monitor wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, pressure. The trend of pollution sources and pollution trajectories can be effectively monitored.

4. Environmental drone monitoring

UAV is an important means of emergency monitoring and remote sensing monitoring, the meteorological sensors mounted on the drone, you can achieve real-time monitoring of contaminated areas, to avoid personal injury.

Meteorological monitoring are: temperature and humidity, pressure data, the main environmental monitoring There are: CO, O3, NO2, SO2, Pm2.5, Pm10 data.

Smart City

Smart city is a big application direction, very popular, smart city programs widely used in various countries and cities, but also cover most of our production and life scenes, from us is the most recent, the deepest feelings.

Meteorological monitoring information is mainly used in the following scenarios:

1 Smart street lighting

At present, smart LED street lamp system as an important entry point for smart cities can not only adopt LED for high-efficiency and low-energy lighting but also release information and 5G communication carrier to collect weather data (including wind, temperature and humidity, rainfall, PM2.5, etc.) ), Can also be used as a smart charging pile.

2. Smart TEDA

Take the TEDA as an example. At present, all major cities have their own special economic zones or development zones. Many enterprises in the park, many kinds of complex, many of them there are chemical plants, logistics parks, CMC and residential areas.

There are potential safety hazards such as toxic gas leaks and fires. After the safety education and preventive measures are strengthened, environmental monitoring and intervention should also be strengthened. Main monitoring PM2.5, harmful gases, such as Voc.

3. Smart Community

The smart community is a rapidly developing industry in recent years and belongs to the Internet of Things category.

When building new communities and improving the support of old communities, we can combine the characteristics of this community with the setting of meteorological environment monitors.

Community staff can access real-time information about the environment around the community, travel guide and exercise schedule through the Internet and mobile APP.

Monitoring the main parameters are temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, Pm2.5, noise and so on.

4 Smart Building

Intelligent building is a new and emerging industry application that learns environmental data such as CO2, PM particulate matter sensors, noise monitoring, meteorological monitoring by laying different types of sensors in the building.


5 Smart Hospital

The hospital is a life-saving station in every city, and it is also an overcrowded area.

If the hospital has a gas leak or vandalism, the consequences will be disastrous.

The meteorological environment monitoring device will be deployed in the designated area of the hospital to monitor the real-time status of the key area environment in real time.

At the same time with the emergency response system convergence, to complete the “smart hospital” system. The main monitoring temperature, humidity, Pm2.5, harmful gases, noise and so on.

6 Smart Park

The park is a public place for people to rest and rest. The environmental quality in the park directly affects residents’ subjective enthusiasm for leisure and fitness.

Meteorological and environmental monitoring equipment will be located in the park, real-time data sent to the park network platform, so that people can be the first time informed of the park environment, the next exercise program to make a decision.

7 Wisdom parking lot

More and more urban vehicles, parking lots will be more and more, but the air quality of underground parking is very worrying.

Meteorological and environmental information used in the parking lot main monitoring: wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity, Pm2.5, CO and other information.

8. Gas leaks

Now we are widely used clean energy — gas, such as the application of energy in the vehicle, home heating or gas cooking, gas leak monitoring is particularly important.

By monitoring the wind direction and wind speed, gas leakage and diffusion can be modeled and analyzed to determine the leakage trajectory.